Preheat the oven to 375 degrees Fahrenheit and line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
In a medium-sized bowl, whisk together 3 cups all-purpose flour, 2 teaspoons cream of tartar, 1 teaspoon baking soda, and ½ teaspoon salt. Set aside.
In another medium-sized bowl, add 1 cup unsalted butter and 1 ½ cups granulated sugar. Using a hand mixer, mix together until pale and fluffy, about 4-5 minutes. Add 2 large eggs and 1 tablespoon vanilla extract and mix for another 2 minutes. Be sure to scrape down the sides of the bowl to make sure everything is well combined.
Add the flour mixture into the butter mixture and mix until fully combined. Cover the bowl with plastic wrap and chill for 30 minutes.
While the dough chills, combine ⅓ cup granulated sugar and 1 ½ tablespoons ground cinnamon in a small bowl.
Form the dough into equal 1-inch sized balls. Roll in the cinnamon sugar and coat evenly. Place the coated balls on the prepared baking sheet keeping about 2 inches between them.
Bake for 10 minutes. The cookies will look quite underbaked, but that's how they should look! Allow to cool for a few minutes on the pan before transferring to a cooling rack.