Fill a large pot with water and bring it to a boil. Add 6 ounces dry bow tie pasta and cook according to package directions. Drain and set aside.
Heat 1 tablespoon olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Season 2 boneless skinless chicken breasts with salt and pepper to taste, and add them to the skillet. Cook the chicken for 5-8 minutes on each side or until browned and cooked through. Transfer to a plate and set aside.
Returning to the same skillet, add 3 tablespoons unsalted butter and melt over medium-high heat. Add 1 tablespoon minced garlic and cook for 30 seconds until fragrant.
Add 1 pound trimmed and cut asparagus and saute for 1 minute, just until the asparagus turns bright green.
Whisk in ¾ cup heavy cream, 1 zested and juiced lemon, 1 teaspoon garlic powder, ½ teaspoon dried thyme, and 1 ½ cups freshly grated Parmesan cheese. Allow the sauce to thicken and the cheese to melt, about 5 minutes.
Add the cooked pasta to the skillet. Cut the cooked chicken into 1-inch pieces and add it to the skillet. Toss everything together and season with additional salt and pepper to taste.
Garnish with chopped fresh parsley and lemon slices, if desired.